Introduction

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. ​It is characterized by a limited number of neoantigens and a highly immunosuppressive tumor environment. A well-known GBM-associated driver mutation is EGFRvIII, which is detected in approximately 30% of patients at the time of diagnosis and plays a pivotal role in the emergence of GBM. Its high expression on the tumor cell surface makes it an ideal target antigen for vaccine development, as demonstrated by targeting therapies with antibodies and more recently CAR–T cells.

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